Hemoglobin Hb

Hemoglobin or Hb is a protein that is carried by red blood cells (RBC) acting as an oxygen carrier.

It takes the oxygen from the lungs to the peripheral tissues to retain the viability of cells. They also aid in oxygen

scavenging in anaerobic environments. Hemoglobin or Hb is made from 2 alike proteins that are glued together. The hemoglobin or Hb is in solution internally the cell and is bounded by a membrane that holds them integral. Hemoglobin carries oxygen from the lungs (mammals and reptiles) or gills (pieces) to the rest of the body like to the muscles where it releases the oxygen load.

Low hemoglobin or Hb count result in anemia. Anemia is additionally classified on the size of the red blood cells (RBC) that are the cells that contain hemoglobin in vertebrates. They are microcytic i.e. the small sized red blood cells, normocytic i.e. normal sized red blood cells or macrocytic i.e. large sized red blood cells. The hemoglobin or Hb level is a characteristic test used for blood donation.

A assessment with the hematocrit values is made by multiplying the hemoglobin by 3.
Reduction of hemoglobin with or without a complete decrease of red blood cells or RBC, leads to symptoms of anemia.

Anemia has many diverse causes, although iron (Fe) deficiency and its resultant iron (Fe) deficiency anemia are the most common. Deficiency of iron (Fe) reduces heme synthesis, red blood cells (RBC) in iron deficiency anemia are hypochromic (lacks the red hemoglobin pigment) and microcytic (smaller than normal). Other category of anemia is not seen to a great degree. During the accelerated breakdown of red blood cells i.e. hemolysis, bilirubin causes jaundice and thus the hemoglobin in circulation can result in renal failure. Mutations in the globin chain are associated with sickle cell anemia and thalassemia.

The normal hemoglobin levels are 11 to 12 g/dl in pregnant women, 12.1 to 15.1 g/dl for females, 13.8 to 17.2 g/dl for men and 11 to 16 g/dl for children. Problem or mistake in metabolic pathways of heme synthesis results in genetic disorders that are known as the porphyrias. Hemoglobin A slowly joins with glucose at a particular point in the molecule. The resulting molecule is termed as HbA1C. As the content of glucose in the blood raises, the percentage of Hb A that is rehabilitated into HbA1C also increases. In diabetics whose blood glucose levels are more the percent HbA1C is also on the higher grade.

The sluggish pace of Hb A combination with glucose, makes the fact clear that the Hb A1c percentage is an meter of the blood glucose level averaged over a longer time (the half life of red blood cells or RBC, is characteristically 50-55 days). Raised hemoglobin Hb is typically due to an amplified number or irregularity of red blood cells (RBC). The causes for higher hemoglobin (Hb) levels include

Smoking
Dehydration due to diarrhea or sweating
Carbon monoxide (CO) exposure
Living at a elevated altitude
Anabolic steroid consumption
Congenital heart disease CHD
Scarring and thickening of the lung tissue
Failure of the right side of your heart
Kidney related diseases
Polycythemia vera.