Bone Marrow and Its Types

The bone marrow fabricates new blood cells and is generally seen in the sternum, femur and the pelvic bone.

There are two types of bone marrows

Red marrow
Yellow marrow (more fat cells).

Few white cells are formed in the latter i.e. the yellow bone marrow whereas platelets, White Blood Cells and

Red Blood Cells are developed by the Red bone marrow. Many blood capillaries and blood vessels are seen in both red and yellow bone marrows.

It has been noticed that the yellow marrow is usually present in the longer bones as compared to the red marrow that are been in short or small bones. Nevertheless, all bone marrow is red at the birth of a baby, these gets converted to yellow as aging process takes place. Nearly 2.6 kg of an adult weight is constituted by the bone marrows. Red marrow is normally seen in the shoulder blades, hip or pelvic bone, rib bones, breast bone, skull and at the femoral end.

An examination of bone marrow i.e. biopsy and aspiration engages the usage of an empty needle, under anesthesia removal of red marrow from the ilium bone is done. Faulty or deformation of bone marrow occurs in

case of tuberculosis or TB. Some actions and diagnostic tests of the marrow help in perceiving diseases like anemia, amyloidosis, pancytopenia, leukemia, sarcoidosis and myeloma (generally the cancers).

This consequence in the reduction of blood cell and the platelet formation. The immune system is also destabilized, as the harmful radiation and chemotherapy has a stagnant action on the cells of the bone marrow. This also results in radiation sickness in the person.

Bone marrow biopsy test necessitate the approval or consent of the family. The patient lies on one side and is made unconscious by anesthesia. The skin is cleaned and pain killers are given. Aspiration indulges in the introduction of a needle. It is screwed into the bone through the cortex and the cavity. A syringe is then attached to the needle to aspirate the liquid. A biopsy is undertaken by introducing and rotating a trephine needle into the bone, to tear a part of the marrow that is removed along with the needle. After pre preparation, the procedure needs 5 to10 minutes. Normal customary activities are done in the absence of bleeding. Mild pain and tenderness is familiar symptom for about the day and pain killers and anti- inflammatory substances are provided. Bleeding, fever and severe pain needs immediate attention.

An unhealthy or damaged bone marrow with inappropriate performance needs an instantaneous stem cell transplant as it may be fatal and continued existence is not easy. The most widespread cause for a damaged marrow is leukemia or more commonly known condition as the bone marrow cancer. This obliterates the bone marrow cells totally, calling for an instant transplant, from a bone marrow donor, to reload the blood cell manufacture. Bone marrow donation is chosen from close family people, as the receiving rates are extremely high, though other donors are also well-matched. Thus, it is appropriate to say that it saves lives of the patient.